As the impacts of climate change intensify, healthcare institutions are facing a cross-disciplinary and cross-system challenge. This challenge stems not only from the direct impacts of extreme heat and extreme weather on infrastructure and health risks, but also from compound effects such as supply chain disruptions, rising financial pressures, heightened reputational risks, and increasingly stringent policies and regulations. Among them, anesthesiology professionals must possess strong sustainability literacy and adaptive management skills to ensure steady development in this new era and turn crises into opportunities. I. Climate Change Risks and Impacts: Four Key Dimensions Health Risks: Shifts in disease patterns and epidemiology, with extreme heat leading to increased risks of heat-related illnesses and sudden cardiovascular deaths. Climate-sensitive diseases are also spreading faster and over wider areas due to changes in temperature and precipitation patterns. Operational and Infrastructure Risks: Extreme weather events may cause equipment failures, power outages, communication breakdowns, and workforce imbalances, directly and indirectly affecting the supply of equipment, pharmaceuticals, and medical materials. Financial and Supply Chain Risks: The era of “carbon pricing” is approaching. With the gradual implementation of carbon fee policies, healthcare operational costs are expected to rise significantly. Electricity price increases will also exert considerable financial pressure. Reputational and Regulatory Risks: Growing societal expectations mean that the public and investors increasingly demand stronger sustainability performance from healthcare institutions. Failure to respond will erode trust and damage brand image. Hospitals must therefore establish robust ESG governance and data management systems. II. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies in Anesthesiology Faced with climate risks and environmental impacts, anesthesiology professionals should adopt a dual-track approach: Mitigation: Reduce carbon emissions and environmental burdens through measures such as low-carbon anesthesia practices and improved waste management. Adaptation: Strengthen system resilience and response capacity to withstand disruptions and maintain quality care. A One Health perspective—integrating human, environmental, and ecological health—is essential for addressing these challenges and preparing for the future.