The global healthcare system continues to face challenges such as increasing medical demands, rapid technological advancements, and sustainable resource utilization. In response to these changes, the National Health Insurance (NHI) has gradually shifted its payment system from feefor-service to value-based payment, focusing on medical quality and health outcomes. It has also introduced models such as Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) to promote effective use of medical resources and improve the quality of care. With the increasing popularity of holistic care and patient-centered principles, pre-, intra-, and post-operative teamwork, patient safety, and postoperative quality of life have become important goals in global surgery and anesthesiology. The widespread use of minimally invasive surgery, robotic-assisted surgery, and advanced monitoring technologies has changed the content and focus of clinical anesthesia management. This has prompted the anesthesia profession to gradually expand from the traditional role of intraoperative pain management to overall surgical quality and risk management. The National Health Insurance Administration will launch the "Expedited Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)" program on July 1, 2025. Through standardized care processes, interprofessional collaboration, and quality monitoring, the program aims to shorten hospital stays and improve the quality of "Perioperative Patient Care," reducing postoperative complications. This presentation will share how Anesthesiology in Taiwan has transformed under the National Health Insurance reimbursement system amidst emerging medical models and international quality trends. It will also discuss how participation in ERAS and other quality-driven programs continuously enhances patient safety, promotes recovery, and improves overall healthcare value.